KIEV, Ukraine — Ukrainian and Western leaders tried on Sunday to dissuade President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia from overplaying his hand and ordering an invasion of eastern Ukraine, even as Russian forces and their sympathizers in the Crimean Peninsula worked to disarm or neutralize any Ukrainian resistance there.
周日，烏克蘭和西方領導人努力勸說俄羅斯總統V·普京(Vladimir V. Putin)，希望他不要過高估計自己的力量，下令入侵東烏克蘭。與此同時，俄羅斯軍隊及其在克里米亞半島的支持者正在解除當地烏克蘭抵抗力量的武裝，或是使之喪生抵抗能力。
What began in Ukraine three months ago as a protest against the government of President Viktor F. Yanukovych has now turned into a big-power confrontation reminiscent of the Cold War and a significant challenge to international agreements on the sanctity of the borders of post-Soviet nations.
三個月前在烏克蘭，一場針對總統亞努科維奇(Viktor F. Yanukovych)政府的抗議活動，現已轉變成帶有過往冷戰色彩的大國對抗，對有關後蘇聯國家領土不可侵犯的國際協定構成了嚴峻挑戰。
The Russian incursion also poses a new crisis for the Obama administration, which embraced the new government in Kiev but now finds itself confronted with an ever more thinly veiled invasion of Ukraine.
對支持烏克蘭新政府的歐巴馬當局而言，俄羅斯的侵略不啻為新一輪的危機。美政府發現到所要面對的是一場越來越不加掩飾的入侵烏克蘭行動。
American intelligence agencies tracked thousands of additional Russian troops arriving in Crimea on Sunday, bolstering the Russian forces already in the area, an American official said. The official gave no further detail about the types of forces, and did not say whether the Obama administration believes that Mr. Putin will send even more troops in the days to come.
一名美國官員表示，美國情報機構周日又發現上千的俄羅斯軍人抵達克里米亞，增援已達該區的俄羅斯軍隊。上述官員沒有提供有關部隊類型的更多細節，也沒有說明歐巴馬政府是否認為普京將在未來幾日派遣更多軍隊。
A senior Obama administration official said Russian troops now have “complete operational control of the Crimean Peninsula, with some 6,000 airborne and naval forces there. The official confirmed that the Russians were flying in additional reinforcements to Ukraine Sunday, adding that the Russian military is “settling in” as an occupying force.
一名歐巴馬政府的資深官員表示，俄羅斯軍隊目前已經「完全掌控克里米亞半島，在當地的空軍及海軍士兵大約有6000名」。該官員證實了俄羅斯援軍周日確已飛抵烏克蘭，並表示俄羅斯軍隊正在當地紮營、成為佔領軍。
For the most part, Ukrainian military forces have stayed in their barracks and in some cases their weapons have been stored in an attempt to avoid an escalation, the official said.
這名官員表示，烏克蘭軍隊大多待在自己的兵營裡，有些部隊還把武器存放入庫，以避免局勢升級。
After the newly appointed Ukrainian Navy chief, Rear Adm. Denis Berezovsky swore allegiance to the people of Crimea, who are decidedly pro-Russian, an embarrassed Kiev immediately removed him and said it would investigate him for treason.
剛被任命為烏克蘭海軍司令的別列佐夫斯基(Rear Admiral Denis Berezovsky)少將明顯地親俄，在他宣誓效忠克里米亞人民之後，尷尬不已的基輔當局立即解除了他的職務，並表示會以叛國罪行對他進行調查。
A YouTube video showed an anxious, sweating Admiral Berezovsky, eyes downcast, quickly muttering a statement, saying: “I, Berezovsky Denis, swear allegiance to the Crimean people and pledge to protect it, as required by the regulations.”
一段YouTube影片呈現出，焦慮的別列佐夫斯基少將滿頭冒汗，目光低垂，快速地低聲念著聲明，「本人，別列佐夫斯基·鄧尼斯，宣誓效忠克裡米亞人民，並承諾根據相關規定保護克裡米亞。」
Secretary of State John Kerry will visit Kiev on Tuesday to show United States support for Ukraine, another senior United States official announced Sunday evening.
另一名美國高級官員在周日晚間宣佈，國務卿凱瑞(John Kerry)將于週二訪問基輔，以顯示美國對烏克蘭的支持。
Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany who spoke with Mr. Putin in a telephone call Sunday evening, accused Russia of violating the territorial integrity of Ukraine and breaking the Budapest Agreement of 1994 to respect the independence and sovereignty of Ukraine, according to a statement from Mrs. Merkel’s office.
根據德國總理梅克爾(Angela Merkel)辦公室所發表的聲明稿，梅克爾周日傍晚與普京通過話，她指責俄羅斯破壞烏克蘭的領土完整，違背了1994年《布達佩斯協議》(Budapest Agreement)中關於尊重烏克蘭獨立與主權的條款。
Mr. Putin, the statement said, agreed to Ms. Merkel’s suggestion to send a “fact finding mission,” possibly led by the Vienna-based Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, to open a political dialogue.
前述聲明指稱，普京贊成梅克爾的提議並願意派遣一「事實調查小組」，以便開展政治對話，該小組可能將由總部位於維也納的歐洲安全與合作組織(Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)所領導。
The chancellor has maintained strong, if not always warm, ties with the Russian president and has often taken a leading role in Europe’s dialogue with Moscow. However, Germany, together with Poland, has also worked to bring Ukraine closer to the European Union.
梅克爾與俄羅斯總統保持著緊密聯繫，即便這樣的聯繫並不總是友好。在歐洲與莫斯科的對話中，梅克爾經常發揮主導作用。然而，德國還是與波蘭攜手努力，試圖將烏克蘭拉向歐盟。
The day began with Ukraine’s prime minister, Arseniy P. Yatsenyuk, telling reporters in English, “This is the red alert — this is not a threat, this is actually a declaration of war to my country,"a reference to approval by Russia’s Parliament on Saturday of the deployment of troops to any part of Ukraine where Moscow deems Russians to be in danger. Mr. Yatsenyuk warned that Ukraine was on the “brink of disaster” and asked the international community to stand by his government in Kiev. Mr. Kerry on Sunday condemned Russia for what he called an “incredible act of aggression” and threatened “very serious repercussions.” He suggested what many were saying as fact later in the day, that Russia was “trying to annex Crimea.” Britain, France and Germany joined the United States in suspending participation in preparatory meetings for the summit of the eight industrialized nations that Mr. Putin is to host in June in Sochi. Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius of France said on Europe 1 radio that Moscow must “realize that decisions have costs.” And Germany’s foreign minister, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, said that “we are on a very dangerous track of increasing tensions,” but that “it is still possible to turn around. A new division of Europe can still be prevented.”
當天，烏克蘭總理亞采紐克(Arseniy P. Yatsenyuk)首先用英語告訴記者，「紅色警戒已經拉起，這不只是威脅，而是實實在在地向我國宣戰。」他這番話指涉的事件是俄羅斯議會下院(Russia’s Parliament)於週六批准俄羅斯軍隊進駐烏克蘭任何地區，只要俄羅斯當局認為當地的俄語民眾面臨危險。亞采紐克警告稱，烏克蘭已經處於「災難邊緣」，並請求國際社會支持基輔政府。周日，凱瑞譴責俄羅斯「令人難以置信的侵略行為」，並威脅稱這會帶來「非常嚴重的後果」。稍晚，他表示，許多人都說俄羅斯「正試圖吞併克里米亞」，這種說法是真的。今年6月，普京將主持八個工業化國家(G8)在索契舉行的峰會，但英、法、德三國已經加入了美國的行列，暫停參與峰會預備會議。法國外長法比尤斯(Laurent Fabius)在歐洲一號頻道(Europe 1)說，俄羅斯必須“明白，任何決定都有代價。德國外長施泰因邁爾(Frank-Walter Steinmeier)則表示，「局勢日益緊張，我們走上了一條非常危險的道路」，但「目前仍有扭轉局面的可能性。我們仍然能夠阻止歐洲出現新的分裂。」
In Moscow, Mr. Putin’s spokesman, Dmitri S. Peskov, responded dismissively. “It’s not a minus for Russia,” he said. “It will be a minus for the G-8.”
在莫斯科，普京的發言人佩斯科夫(Dmitri S. Peskov)不屑地做出了回應。「這並不是俄羅斯的損失」，他說，「這是G8的損失。」
Britain’s foreign secretary, William Hague, traveled to Kiev on Sunday evening to meet with the new government and express support, and he said that was is urging restraint from all parties.
周日晚上，英國外交大臣黑格(William Hague)來到基輔，與新政府見面並表達支持。他表示，他的目的是呼籲各方保持克制。
The NATO alliance held an emergency meeting in Brussels that was mostly designed to reassure members with Russian minorities, like the Baltics, and allies of Ukraine, like Poland, that NATO was ready to defend them. Ukraine is not a member of NATO, though it has some military and political cooperation with it.
北約(NATO)在布魯塞爾召開了一次緊急會議，此次會議主要是為了安撫波羅的海諸國等擁有俄羅斯少數民族的成員國，以及波蘭等烏克蘭盟友，向它們保證北約已經做好了保護它們的準備。烏克蘭與北約有一些軍事和政治合作，但卻不是北約成員。
Before the NATO meeting, its secretary-general, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, told Russia to stop its military activity and threats against Ukraine. “What Russia is doing now in Ukraine violates the principles of the United Nations Charter,” he said. “It threatens peace and security in Europe. Russia must stop its military activities and its threats.”
北約召開會議之前，其秘書長拉斯穆森(Anders Fogh Rasmussen)告訴俄羅斯，停止針對烏克蘭的軍事活動和威脅。「俄羅斯目前在烏克蘭的所作所為違反了《聯合國憲章》(United Nations Charter)的準則，」他說，「它對歐洲的和平與安全造成了威脅。俄羅斯必須停止其軍事活動和威脅。」
In Crimea, where pro-Russian authorities have announced a referendum on autonomy on March 30, Ukrainian forces were under tremendous pressure. Hundreds of troops acting in the name of the provisional pro-Russian government in Crimea fanned out to persuade the thin Ukrainian forces there to give up their arms or swear allegiance to the new authorities, while the new government in Kiev tried to keep their loyalty while ordering them not to shoot unless under fire. The former Ukrainian chief of staff, Adm. Yuriy Ilyin, who left the post on Friday after a reported heart attack, told reporters in Crimea that Ukrainian soldiers unfortunately were “hostages” of the situation. Emotions were made more complicated by the strong ties between the two navies, since the Ukrainian one was formed in the division of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
親俄羅斯的克里米亞當局宣佈將於3月30日進行自治公投，當地的烏克蘭部隊因此面臨著巨大的壓力。數百名士兵打著親俄羅斯的克里米亞臨時政府的旗號活動，四處說服勢單力薄的烏克蘭部隊交出武器，或是宣誓效忠於新政權。基輔的新政府則試圖讓克里米亞的烏克蘭部隊保持忠誠，一方面也命令他們不要開火，除非受到攻擊。前烏克蘭總參謀長、海軍上將伊雷因(Adm. Yuriy Ilyin)在克里米亞告訴記者，烏克蘭士兵不幸地成為了這種局面的「人質」。伊雷因已於週五離職，據稱是因為心臟病突發。烏克蘭海軍是從俄羅斯黑海艦隊分離出來的，兩支海軍由此存在密切聯繫，人們對此事的感情也由此變得更加複雜。
In Crimea, fewer soldiers were visible on the streets. Some heavily armed soldiers without insignia had taken up positions around Ukrainian military bases, but did not try to enter them.
目前，出現在克里米亞街頭的士兵有所減少。一些沒有佩戴標誌的重武裝士兵已經在各個烏克蘭軍事基地周圍嚴陣以待，但卻沒有試圖進入這些基地。
In Sevastopol, pro-Russian “self-defense” forces blocked the entrances of the main Ukrainian naval headquarters. There was no sign of Russian troops, Ukrainian officers were at work inside and armed Ukrainians guards were on patrol behind the closed gates.
在塞瓦斯托波爾港，親俄羅斯的「自衛」隊封鎖了烏克蘭海軍總部的入口。這裡沒有俄羅斯士兵的身影，烏克蘭官員在室內工作，持有武器的烏克蘭衛兵則在緊閉的大門後巡邏。
Pro-Russia demonstrators put up a banner reading: “Sevastopol without Fascism,” and urged Ukrainian officers to come over to their side rather than serve the “illegal fascist regime” in Kiev. The demonstrators pushed packs of cigarettes, candy and bottles of water through the gate for the Ukrainian guards.
親俄羅斯的示威者拉起了一條橫幅，上面寫著「塞瓦斯托波爾不要法西斯」。他們慫恿烏克蘭官員加入自己的陣營，不要為基輔的「非法法西斯政權」效力。示威者將香煙、糖果和瓶裝水塞進大門，交給烏克蘭衛兵。
Outside, Sergei Seryogin, a pro-Russia activist, said, “They have to make a choice — they either obey the fascists in Kiev or the people.” Kiev, he said, “is illegal power” and should be ignored by all military and civil officials.
門外，親俄羅斯活動人士謝廖金(Sergei Seryogin)說，「他們必須作出選擇——要嘛服從基輔的法西斯主義者，要嘛站在人民這邊。」他說，基輔「政權是非法的」，無論是軍官和文官都不應該理會它。
On Sunday, Russia kept up its propaganda campaign in defense of the takeover, citing undefined threats to Russian citizens and proclaiming “massive defections” of Ukrainian forces in Crimea, which Western reporters said appeared to be unfounded. The state-owned Itar-Tass news agency cited the Russian border guard agency claiming that 675,000 Ukrainians had fled to Russia in January and February and that there were signs of a “humanitarian catastrophe.”
周日，為了替自己的接管行動辯解，俄羅斯加強了宣傳力度。他們宣稱俄羅斯公民受到了不明威脅，並稱克里米亞的烏克蘭軍隊發生了「大規模叛變」。西方記者稱，這種說法似乎沒有事實根據。俄羅斯國有通訊社俄通社-塔斯社(Itar-Tass)援引俄羅斯邊防機構的話說，1月和2月共有67.5萬名烏克蘭人逃到了俄羅斯，當地還出現了發生「人道主義災難」的跡象。
