(SANZAR embrace ELVs for S14)
圖1:三國橄欖球協會(SANZAR)會徽
本文譯自星球橄欖球網站12月4日 譯者:辛久銘於美國
觀眾和球迷未來可見證另一類比賽流程快速且較刺激的橄欖球.南非 紐西蘭 澳洲三國橄欖球協會(SANZAR)決議在超級14強(Super 14)比賽採用大部分試驗規則 (Experimental Law Variations) (ELVs).
三國橄欖球協會(SANZAR) 採用試驗規則, 在明年2月15日超級14強開始實施.
有關試驗規則部分:
*旗杆和旗幟 (Posts and flags around the field)
*在22米線內(Inside the 22 metre line)
*爭邊球( Line-out)
* Breakdown(在tackle中/在 tackle後). Breakdown (tackle/post tackle)
* Scrum
*懲罰( Sanctions)
試驗規則的主要目的是使持球在手中玩的時間較長(to keep the ball in play longer),比以往較少中斷( stoppages),而有更多持球跑動的橄欖球( running rugby). 因此產生比賽較流暢較快速,較刺激另一類型的橄欖球(a more free-flowing, faster and exciting style of play).
試驗規則使比賽更簡化更容易讓球員和觀眾瞭解.
試驗規則在南非 Stellenbosch 大學首先測試之後 Stellenbosch Hostel League, 紐西蘭B級省際聯賽男子組(New Zealand’s provincial Men’s B competition), 澳洲橄欖球錦標賽(Australian Rugby Championship), 雪梨和布里斯班橄欖球俱樂部比賽(Sydney and Brisbane club competitions) 和大英王國(United Kingdom)國內比賽.
澳洲橄協 (ARU) 副執行長, Matt Carroll 說:” 三國橄欖球協會決議超級14強比賽採用大部分試驗規則,將使超級14強走在橄欖球比賽的先鋒.”
他又說:”超級14強 試用IRB試驗規則展現鼓舞的機會,明顯增加橄欖球比賽的特性.”
”我們試用新規則,已在所指定試驗比賽各地區接到正面的回應.超級14強在特別機緣下,展現給全球的觀眾和球迷新規則的益處.
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“更重要地,試驗規則使比賽達到自娛娛人的效果.”
紐西蘭橄協 (NZRU) 副執行長Steve Tew說: ” IRB要求 SANZAR 試用新規則,我們樂意去做.這是橄欖球比賽最高境界,我們試驗過真是刺激.”
”在紐西蘭B級省際聯賽男子組使用試驗規則看到較多展開打法（open game ）而我們也接到球員教練和裁判正面的回應.”
南非橄協[SARU]執行長 Jonathan Stones 說: ”南非橄協同意超級強使用試驗規則.在試驗規則下比賽愈多,將對比賽更有效益.它能創造出更大的更刺激的比賽情境.”
圖2:澳洲橄協 副執行長 Matt Carrot(左) 和Pat Howard(右)
超級14強 使用試驗規則如下:
(Experimental Law Variations to be applied in the Super 14):
旗杆和旗幟 (Posts and flags around the field)
1. 旗杆和旗幟(澳洲橄欖球錦標賽試用版)
1.Posts and flags around the field (ARC variation)
a.角旗應插在極陣線和邊線交點的外邊.
a.Corner posts will be positioned at the outside junction of the goal line and the touch line.
i.如果球員持球碰到角旗,他不算出界,除非他踩到邊線或邊線外.
i.If a player is in possession of the ball and touches a corner post he will not be in touch unless he touches the touchline or the ground beyond the touchline.
ii.如果球沒被球員攜帶,而球碰到角旗,將視為球在極陣邊線外.
ii. If the ball is not being carried by a player and it touches the corner post the ball will be deemed to be touch in goal.
在22米線內(Inside the 22 metre line)
2.當防守方球員接到從22米線外傳來,推來,或帶球進入22米線內,有下列情況發生.
2.When a defending player receives the ball outside the 22 metre line and passes, puts or takes the ball back inside the 22, the following can occur.
a.之後如果球直接踢出界外,爭邊球在踢球點對應的邊線上.
a.If the ball is then kicked directly into touch, the line-out is in line with where the ball was kicked.
b.如果接球後有tackle, ruck 或 maul形成,而後把球踢出界外,爭邊球在球出界與邊線交點上.
b. If a tackle, ruck or maul is subsequently formed and the ball is then kicked directly into touch, the line-out is where the ball crossed the touch line.
爭邊球(Line-out)
3.在快速投球,球應往爭邊球線正中央投直進入,或把球投向後往己方防守極陣線,但不能把球投向前往敵方極陣線.
3.On a quick throw in, the ball can be thrown straight or backwards towards the defenders’ goal line, but not forward towards the opposition goal line.
Breakdown (在tackle中/在 tackle後)
Breakdown (tackle/post tackle)
4.球員進入breakdown區域,必須經由tackle倒地隊友正後方的門進入.
4. Players entering the breakdown area must do so through the gate.
5.一但tackle形成,立刻有越位線.
5.Immediately the tackle occurs there are offside lines.
6.敵方不能碰觸半後衛(傳鋒),除非他的手已碰到球.
6. The half-back (scrum-half) should not be touched unless he has his hands on the ball.
Scrum
7.除了傳鋒外,沒有參加 Scrum的球員應在Scrum裡最後一隻腳5米線後面.
7. The offside line for players who are not in the scrum and who are not the team’s scrum-half, is five metres behind the hindmost foot of the scrum.
懲罰(Sanctions)
8.除了越位,不從正後們加入,和規則10 - Foul Play外,所有犯規懲罰都是自由踢.
8. For all offences other than offside, not entering through the gate, and Law
10 - Foul Play, the sanction is a free-kick.
圖3:明年度所有焦點集中在超級14強
試驗規則: SANZAR沒有採用有那些(二) (ELVs: what SANZAR has NOT included)
本文譯自星球橄欖球網站12月4日 譯者:辛久銘於美國
SANZAR在超級14強比賽,採用部分試驗新規則(ELVs),供南非 紐西蘭 澳洲三國比賽用.SANZAR施用試驗規則並不是IRB先前提議的試驗規則全部.
被除掉的試驗規則巨大影響比賽的打法.很明顯地它避免球員在同ㄧ球季裡連續比賽中施用不同規則.特別允許SANZAR使用試驗規則,僅在超級14強比賽.也就是說,年中(6月)國際測試賽恢復試驗規則前(舊規則),而後三國對抗賽使用部分試驗規則(現階段新規則),而到年尾(11月)國際測試賽使用試驗規則的全部,這樣子會令人混淆不清.
IRB完成規則改變,不是在五月1日就是在九月1日決定,然後全世界各地施行一年.而試驗規則只是整本規則的ㄧ部份.
已減少的試驗規則的決定,是由SANZAR各會員國的理事長和執行長在澳洲雪梨會議決議.
澳洲雪梨會議同時也是年度大事教練和裁判會議.他們對除掉的試驗規則,表示驚訝.但他們覺得欣慰,試驗規則能ㄧ致地被大家來使用.
最大的爭議是自由踢代替罰踢,而什麼叫做故意犯規,因為犯規大多數是故意的.
這些擬議試驗規則不被列入:
1.爭邊球的參加人數( Line-out numbers)
a.對爭邊球的參加人數,沒有人數限制.但每隊至少要有兩人參加.
Having no restrictions on the numbers in the line-out other than the minimum of two for each team.
b.要求接球員站在爭邊球線2米外.
Requiring the receiver to stand two metres from the line-out.
2.在tackle中手可拿球( Hands at the tackle )
在tackle之後,允許球員只要站立,可以用手拿球.
Allowing players on their feet to play the ball with their hands after a tackle.
圖4:澳洲Waratah教練 Ewen McKenzie紐澳各職業隊教練同意新試驗規則
3. 無法繼續比賽的自由踢(Unplayable free kick)
在breakdown時,球演變到無法繼續比賽,以自由踢代替scrum.
Having a free kick instead of a scrum when the ball becomes unplayable at a breakdown.
如果接到對方高踢球,而立刻被tackle,自由踢屬接球隊的ㄧ方.
If this happens at a kick when the catcher is tackled immediately, the free kick will go to the catcher’s team.
4.自由球觸踢(Tapping free kicks)
將自由踢包括標點和觸踢
Making all free kicks, including the mark, tap kicks.
5.Tackling the maul
允許防守方拉倒maul崩塌而廢除沿卡車輾過後的軌跡攻擊l
Allowing defenders to pull down the maul and doing away with the ”truck and trailer” offence.
6.投球不直有自由踢的選擇(Skew option a free kick)
對爭邊球投入不直,沒有犯規的ㄧ方可自由選擇爭邊球或自由踢.
Giving the non-offending team the option of a line-out or a free kick at a skew throw into a line-out.
7.舉旗邊審( Flag Judges)
多給巡邊員另一角色要求他水平舉旗給裁判提醒在tackle中有人越位
Adding to the touch judge’s role by requiring him to hold out a horizontal flag to suggest to the referee that there was off-side at a tackle.
巡邊員又稱舉旗邊審
The touch judge would then be renamed a flag judge.
8.角旗在極陣區內( Corner posts in in-goal)
把角旗移至極陣線和邊線交點後面的極陣邊線2米處,或死球線和極陣邊線交點後面極陣邊線2米處
Moving the corner posts at the junction of the goal-line with the touch-line and the dead-ball line with the touch-in-goal line back two meters.
以上八點,沒有在超級14強施用試驗新規則內.
These eight points are NOT included in the ELVs which will apply in the Super 14.
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