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不可以道里計，用光年比：莎士比亞 比 馬洛：《西方正典》一句








我們介紹過卜倫（Harold Bloom）的名著《西方正典》。他認為西方的正典是以莎士比亞為中心的（所以導論之後就談「經典的中心：莎士比亞」）。
《西方正典》大陸翻譯本大體可以（前次以易卜生章為例），不過我讀一下第二章「經典的中心：莎士比亞」，發現問題比較多。現在舉一小段說明。


不可以道里計
【道里】解釋：道路的里數。比喻差距。如：不可以道里計。

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Five years after Marlowe’s death, Shakespeare had gone beyond his precursor with the great sequence of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, and the two parts of Henry IV. Bottom, Shylock, and Falstaff…a new kind of stage character. Light years beyond Marlowe’s talents or his interests. These five, despite the disapproval of formalists, walk out of their plays into the space of what A. D. Nuttall rightly calls ‘a new mimesis.’
--Harold Bloom, The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994).,p.44



「馬洛死後五年，莎士比亞終以一系列大作超過他的前輩和競爭者：『仲夏夜之夢』、『威尼斯商人』和兩部『亨利四世』。…….增加了新型舞台形象。這些已略為超出馬洛的才情和興趣。這五部劇本另闢蹊徑成為A. D. Nuttall很恰當說的「一種新模仿」。」

--哈羅德•布魯姆（Harold Bloom）《西方正典：偉大作家和不朽作品》江寧康譯，南京：譯林出版社，2005年5月，第34頁

這翻譯沒注解，不熟悉上文五部莎士比亞作品的著名角色：Bottom（『仲夏夜之夢』）, Shylock（『威尼斯商人』）, and Falstaff（兩部『亨利四世』），比較難了解。

又，「其中A. D. Nuttall很恰當說的「一種新模仿」。」」沒有點西方文學理論知識的，也不容易了解。它指Nuttall, AD 所著的A New Mimesis: Shakespeare and the Representation of Reality. New York: Metheun, 1983。「一種新模仿」是專門的文學術語，翻譯成「模擬」或「再現」或許更恰當。
【mi•me•sis n.
The imitation or representation of aspects of the sensible world, especially human actions, in literature and art.
the imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature

有中文翻譯：Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, by Erich Auerbach, Princeton University Press, 1953 (with reprints)】

「……增加了新型舞台形象。這些已略為超出馬洛的才情和興趣。……」。

我覺得將馬洛過世後五年中莎士比亞的作品「遠遠」勝於馬洛，翻譯成「略為超出」是錯誤的，不知道為什麼會這樣想。

將三個lightyear相關的詞列出當參考：

light year noun [C]
the distance that light travels in one year (about 9 500 000 000 000 kilometres)
光年一般是用來量度很大的距離，如太陽系跟另一恆星的距離。光年不是時間的單位。在天文學，秒差距是一個很常用的單位，一秒差距相等於3.26光年。

(from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)

Informal. A long way. Often used in the plural: a small town light-years away from the action of the capital.
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light years away
an extremely long time from now in the past or future:
It all happened when I was at college, which seems light years away now that I'm over fifty.
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be light years away from sth

if something is light years away from something else, it has made so much progress that the two things are now very different
Modern computers are light years away from the huge machines we used in the seventies.
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be light years beyond 同上