歐巴桑-小讀者談connoisseur、英法牛排、聯想Huysmans名著
歐巴桑 留言：
剛剛乍看之下以為漢情兄（回應rl之「每日一字」）筆誤,將connaisseur錯寫成connoisseur,沒想到一查之下,英文還真的是connoisseur.
不囉唆,馬上又去查法文的connaitre的etymol.,倒又發現了不少改名的辛酸故事.其實connoistre這個字早在1675年,Berain就建議該拼成connaitre.(Berain這傢伙不知道是誰?竟然可以"建議"哪個字該怎麼拼?有空再去查看.)伏爾泰(Voltaire)也支持他的說法.但唯有到了1835年才改成了今天的connaitre.(動詞時,"i"上面都有小帽子)
其"改名"編年史大致如下:
1694-1718: connoistre
1835-1912: connoiste的s不見了
1694-1798: 所有以動詞"connoistre"衍生出的字子字孫們都拼成了connoi... ex: connoisseur, connoissance..
1835年才由"o"變成了"i", ex: connaisseur, connaissance.
不過雖然從1835年起就改成了connaitre,到了19世紀,那些"頑固的"懷古浪漫主義份子,諸如:夏朵布里昂(Chateaubriand)還是愛用老字"connoitre".
疑問是英文的connaisseur竟然還是connoisseur,所以這裡是否可大膽提出:英文中的"外來語"並未隨法文的"現代化"而跟著改變.
這個例子在日文及韓文中還存在很多我們中國的古字或古早時代的用法似乎不謀而合,對不?
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小讀者 留言：
（是耶非耶//is not but was...//也看你是在說英或道法）
Connoisseur
A strange word, it looks about as French as you can get, but it isn't. The French for connoisseur is connaisseur.
[1998 addendum: according to a language researcher at Xerox, no less, the French word was connoisseur at the time English borrowed it: meanwhile, French pronunciation and spelling has moved on...]
“Connoisseur” should be spelled “connaisseur.”
When we borrowed this word from the French in the 18th century, it was spelled “connoisseur.” Is it our fault the French later decided to shift the spelling of many OI words to the more phonetically accurate AI? Of those Francophone purists who insist we should follow their example I say, let ’em eat bifteck.
http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/nonerrors.html
68.193.113.17 -- 2005-03-11 08:43:51 --
Homepage：
http://utter.chaos.org.uk/~pdh/homilies/travel/jul12fri.h
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HC 留言：
謝謝你們啦，增加點眼力（connaisseur (se)或connoisseur 的日文為n. - 鑑定家, 鑑識家, 目利き【めきき】）
請問：I say, let ’em eat bifteck.什麼玩藝？
日本的漢字總多古風，譬如說，
And while Idei struggled to tame the rivalries among Sony's various units, there's no question about who calls the shots at Matsushita.【 call the shots 〔話〕 牛耳る, 采配を振る.】
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小讀者 留言：
法文版的beefsteak
想來應是暗諷所謂"純粹"法語派也有不得不用"外來語"的時候
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歐巴桑留言：
「法文版的beefsteak
想來應是暗諷所謂"純粹"法語派也有不得不用"外來語"的時候」
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老美的"beefsteak"到了法國就成了"bifteck"囉!
查法文字典直接查"beefsteak"查不到,必須查"bifteck",然後才會看到美國的牛排躲在法國的牛排後面!
而且"bifteck"這個字在法文中還多半都用在「厘」（sic）語或稍有貶義.
ex:manger son bifteck
直譯:吃他的牛排
轉為:要某人閉嘴
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小讀者 留言：
謝謝歐巴桑。小讀者學會一招好用的法文，很多地方可派上用場 哈哈哈
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周六hc找不到英文中有法文般關於steak的精彩說法。
不過很驚訝發現Steak slab和fillet的切法不同。(A steak is a large slab of meat, usually beef, but also possibly fish such as salmon. Steak slab is cut perpendicular to the muscle fibres, in contrary to fillet, which is cut parallel to muscle fibres.)。
因為它是逆（垂直肉之紋路）切的，這使我想起（go against the grain）。近月前，我請教rl之一本有名的小說之英文書名。當時是看到松岡先生的介紹，查法日文並向rl請教：
ジョリ・カルル・ユイスマンス
『さかしま』
1962 桃源社・1984 光風社・2002 河出文庫
Jotis Karl Huysmans : A Rebours 1884
澁澤龍彦 訳
RL回覆 HC: À Rebours 作者: rl 2005-02-20 06:17:22
「留言所示作者有誤拼之處，正確應為Joris Karl, Huysmans。rebours, e有蹩扭、倔強、相反等意思。
à rebours為常用詞組，指反向、倒過來、違反常理等意思 。它作為書名（或作品名）À Rebours，
我想可以譯作：「格格不入」。 」
Joris-Karl Huysmans (February 5, 1848 - May 12, 1907) was a French novelist.
----簡單介紹Huysmans（于斯曼）
He was born in Paris. Huysmans（于斯曼）started his literary career as a Naturalist writer with texts such as Marthe, Histoire d'une fille (1876). His novel À rebours (Against the Grain 逆反1884) broke from Naturalism and became the ultimate example of "decadent" literature【因此，有人說，這本該是O. Wilde（1854–1900.）的聖經】. À rebours gained further notoriety as an exhibit during the trials of Oscar Wilde in 1895, during which the prosecutor referred to the novel as a "sodomitical" book. In 1891, the publication of La-Bas (Down There那兒) attracted considerable attention for its depiction of Satanism in late 1880s France. His later works En Route (1895 起程) and La Cathédrale (1898 大教堂) are influenced by Catholicism. Huysmans was also known for his art criticism: L'Art moderne (1883) and Certains (1889). He was a founding member of the Académie Goncourt.
There are several books with the title Against the Grain:
• Against the Grain, English title of A Rebours, a Symbolist novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans
• Against the Grain: Mad Artist Wallace Wood, edited by Bhob Stewart
• Against the Grain: Biotechnology and the Corporate Takeover of Your Food, by Marc Lappe
• Against the Grain: The New Criterion on Art and Intellect at the End of the Twentieth Century, edited by Hilton Kramer
• Against the Grain: Southern Radicals and Prophets, 1929-1959, by Anthony P. Dunbar
• Against the Grain: Agri-Environmental Reform in the United States and the European Union, by Clive Potter
• Against the Grain: Parody, Satire, and Intertextuality in Russian Literature, edited by Janet G. Tucker
• Against the Grain: New Anthology of Contemporary Austrian Prose, edited by Adolf Opel
• Against the Grain: An Autobiography, by Boris Yeltsin
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the grain (PATTERN) noun [S]
the natural patterns of lines in the surface of wood, cloth, etc:
to cut something along/against the grain
(from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)
go against the grain
If something goes against the grain, you would not usually do it because it would be unusual or morally wrong:
These days it goes against the grain to show respect for authority
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【rebours 1. (à rebrousse-poil) caresser un chien à ~ to stroke a dog the wrong way; compter à ~ to count backwards 2. MIL compte à ~ countdown 3. FIG comprendre à ~ to get the wrong end of the stick; prendre qn à ~ to rub sb up the wrong way; faire qc à ~ to do sth the wrong way round
さかしま 0 【逆しま】
（名・形動）[文]ナリ
(1)道理にそむく・こと（さま）。よこしま。
「―な心を抱く」
(2)逆さま。さかさ。
「十握(とつか)の剣(つるぎ)を抜きて―に地(つち)に植(つきた)てて/日本書紀（神代下訓）」】
