翻譯觀摩：思果譯布克爾‧華盛頓著《力爭上游》（Up from slavery）
主題書目： 布克爾‧華盛頓著《力爭上游》（Up from slavery）思果譯，香港：今日世界出版社，1963/ 遼寧教育出版社《新世紀萬有文庫》，1997。
（本書為十九世紀下半葉黑人領袖布克爾‧華盛頓的自傳。他主張種族和睦，號召黑人通過教育自救，提高自身素質，掌握專門技能，加強經濟實力，從而改善整個黑人種族的境遇和地位。）
以下是鍾漢清選出、打字（可能有誤，請指正）的精華小部分（第17章；Chapter XVII ；哈佛大學校長的信，故意不打出翻譯來，是要給對於翻譯有興趣的人去思考思果先生採用的文體之優缺點。傳主演講稿中漢文翻譯省略處，是hc懶偷。）英文很多free來源，取
http://www.alcyone.com/max/lit/slavery/xvii.html
又，感謝思果和原先贊助翻譯的機構。思果著作簡目可參觀
http://www.library.ln.edu.hk/lingnan/oral_history/gsi/gsi_tran.htm
Simon U 的鍾先生曾在日刊上數次發表他對約翰‧洛克斐勒先生家族傳記的翻譯之批評，希望將來有機會整理發表。約翰‧洛克斐勒先生除了重視本文提到的黑人問題、經營認真等等之外，更有一群優秀的幕僚，他們有眼光和能力，深耕慈善事業，懂得如何經營知識的創造和開發等等。
More than once I have been asked what was the greatest surprise that ever came to me. I have little hesitation in answering that question. It was the following letter, which came to me one Sunday morning when I was sitting on the veranda of my home at Tuskegee, surrounded by my wife and three children: --
不只一次有人問我：那一件事是我一生中最大的意想不到的事。 答復這個問題，我絲毫不用躊躇。 這就是下面的這封信。 一個主日早上，我坐在特斯特基家裡的走廊上，我的妻子和三個孩子圍在我面前，信來了……
Harvard University, Cambridge, May 28, 1896.
President Booker T. Washington,
My Dear Sir: Harvard University desired to confer on you at the approaching Commencement an honorary degree; but it is our custom to confer degrees only on gentlemen who are present. Our Commencement occurs this year on June 24, and your presence would be desirable from about noon till about five o'clock in the afternoon. Would it be possible for you to be in Cambridge on that day?
Believe me, with great regard,
Very truly yours,
Charles W. Eliot.
This was a recognition that had never in the slightest manner entered into my mind, and it was hard for me to realize that I was to be honoured by a degree from the oldest and most renowned university in America. As I sat upon my veranda, with this letter in my hand, tears came into my eyes. My whole former life -- my life as a slave on the plantation, my work in the coal-mine, the times when I was without food and clothing, when I made my bed under a sidewalk, my struggles for an education, the trying days I had had at Tuskegee, days when I did not know where to turn for a dollar to continue the work there, the ostracism and sometimes oppression of my race, -- all this passed before me and nearly overcame me.
這是我心裡從來沒有絲毫想到的對我的抬舉，這樣一座美國歷史最悠久，最著名的大學，把容譽學位送給我，是我難以想像的事情。 我坐在走廊上，手上拿著這封信，眼淚充滿了我的眼眶。 我以前的種種生活經歷－－我在大農場裡做奴隸，在煤礦裡做工人，那一段無衣無食的時，睡在木板鋪的行人道下面，為受教育的掙扎，特斯特基的艱苦的日子，有時為了繼續辦我的事業，我連一塊錢都不知那裡去找，我的同胞對我的排斥和壓制－－這一切都重上心頭，使我難以支持。
I had never sought or cared for what the world calls fame. I have always looked upon fame as something to be used in accomplishing good. I have often said to my friends that if I can use whatever prominence may have come to me as an instrument with which to do good, I am content to have it. I care for it only as a means to be used for doing good, just as wealth may be used. The more I come into contact with wealthy people, the more I believe that they are growing in the direction of looking upon their money simply as an instrument which God has placed in their hand for doing good with. I never go to the office of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, who more than once has been generous to Tuskegee, without being reminded of this. The close, careful, and minute investigation that he always makes in order to be sure that every dollar that he gives will do the most good -- an investigation that is just as searching as if he were investing money in a business enterprise -- convinces me that the growth in this direction is most encouraging.
我從來沒有去追求世人稱為名譽的那件東西，也從來不計較它。 我總認為名譽是可以用來促成有益的事情的工具。 我常常對我的朋友說，如果我能用我得著的名聲做媒介，去做有意義的事，我也願意獲得它。 我只當它是做一件有益的事情的工具，就如同財富可以拿來利用一般。 我和富人接觸得越多，愈覺得他們愈來愈把錢當作是上蒼交在他們手上的工具，讓他們做善事的。 約翰‧洛克斐勒先生幫特斯特基好幾次大忙，我每次去他的辦公室，他總提醒我這一點。 他總是對我們的事業嚴加考察，極細微的事也都注意，要使得他捐的每一塊錢都派上正用－－他那種考察的認真，就像是他要投資一筆生意一樣－－使我相信，這種傾向是最鼓舞人心的。
（跳過數段）
Among the speakers after dinner were President Eliot, Governor Roger Wolcott, General Miles, Dr. Minot J. Savage, the Hon. Henry Cabot Lodge, and myself. When I was called upon, I said, among other things: --
It would in some measure relieve my embarrassment if I could, even in a slight degree, feel myself worthy of the great honour which you do me to-day. Why you have called me from the Black Belt of the South, from among my humble people, to share in the honours of this occasion, is not for me to explain; and yet it may not be inappropriate for me to suggest that it seems to me that one of the most vital questions that touch our American life is how to bring the strong, wealthy, and learned into helpful touch with the poorest, most ignorant, and humblest, and at the same time make one appreciate the vitalizing, strengthening influence of the other. How shall we make the mansion on yon Beacon Street feel and see the need of the spirits in the lowliest cabin in Alabama cotton-fields or Louisiana sugar-bottoms? This problem Harvard University is solving, not by bringing itself down, but by bringing the masses up.
……. 在我看來，和我們美國生活最有關係的問題之一，就是怎樣使賢能，富足，有學問的人幫助最貧窮，最無知，最平凡的人，而同時又使出力的人體念到那些需要幫助的人自有他們給人活力，激勵別人的力量。…….這個問題哈佛大學正在解決著，不是降格遷就，而是把群眾抬舉起來。
* * * * * * *
If my life in the past has meant anything in the lifting up of my people and the bringing about of better relations between your race and mine, I assure you from this day it will mean doubly more. In the economy of God there is but one standard by which an individual can succeed -- there is but one for a race. This country demands that every race shall measure itself by the American standard. By it a race must rise or fall, succeed or fail, and in the last analysis mere sentiment counts for little. During the next half-century and more, my race must continue passing through the severe American crucible. We are to be tested in our patience, our forbearance, our perseverance, our power to endure wrong, to withstand temptations, to economize, to acquire and use skill; in our ability to compete, to succeed in commerce, to disregard the superficial for the real, the appearance for the substance, to be great and yet small, learned and yet simple, high and yet the servant of all.
……改善你們和我們種族之間有什麼意義的話…….這個國家要求每一個種族都用美國的標準來衡量自己…….僅僅感情用事沒有多少重要性……我們的忍耐性、我們的寬容、我們的恆心、我們處逆境的堅忍、抵抗誘惑、省儉、學習技能和應用技能，都要受到考驗；我們在與人競爭的能力上、商業獲得成功的能力上、不重表面重實際的能力上、一面求上進仍然謙遜的能力上、有了學問仍然素樸的能力上、地位提高仍然做眾人之僕的能力上，也要受考驗。
