10枭 2過去分詞（past participle）作為形容詞
在完成式中，我們要用過去分詞，過去分詞也可以作為形容詞，以下是一些
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例子：
a broken window（破碎的窗）
a fallen angle（墮落的天使）
a fallen star（已經不走紅的明星）
a depressed person（一個沮喪的人）
a much appreciated action（為人欣賞的動作）
究竟過去分詞和現在分詞何不同呢？過去分詞多半有動被和已經完成的意
思。最好的例子是：開發中家叫做a developing country，已開發國家就叫做a
developed country。
以下的例子可以解釋過去分詞和現在分詞的不同：
1. (a)這本書很有趣。
This book is interesting.
(b)我對這本書很有興趣。
I am interested in this book.
2.(a)這是一部令人沮喪的電影。
This is a depressing movie.
(b)我看了這部電影以後，感到非常沮喪。
I felt very much depressed after seeing that movie.
3.(a)結果令人失望。
The result is frustrating.
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(b)他因這個結果而非常失望。
He was frustrated because of the result.
4.(a)這個消息真令人難過。
This news is really upsetting.
(b)他們都很難過。
They are all upset.
5.(a)約翰的進步令人鼓舞。
John’s progress is encouraging.
(b)我因約翰的進步而感到鼓舞。
I am encouraged by John’s progress.
6.(a)水在燒。
Water is boiling.
(b)這是燒開的水。
This is boiled water.
7.(a)這個消息出人意外。
This news is surprising.
(b)我對這個消息感到意外。
I was surprised by the news.
8.(a)他的談話令人困惑。
His words are confusing.
(b)他是一個充滿困惑的人。
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He is a confused person.
記住，以下的句子都是錯的：
＊His statements are confused.
＊I am interesting in music.
＊He isan interested person.
＊This is indeed a surprised news.
＊This news is encouraged.
正確的句子應該是：
His statements are confusing.
I am interested in music.
He is an interesting person.
This is indeed a surprising news.
This news is encouraging.
以下是含有過去分詞的句子，每一個過去分詞都用作形容詞：
America is a developed country.
I found that dog killed in a car accident.
The frustrated student needs help.
I want the report completed before midnight.
He is totally depressed.
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They are all frustrated.
The car driven by that young man is a Cadillac.
This book, read by almost every one, was written by Charles
Dickens.
This is still an unrealized dream.
Are you interested in music?
I am really surprised to meet you.
I was excited by his arrival.
The girl dressed in white is from Japan.
A depressed person needs love from others.
Millions got killed in the Second World War.
He is a troubled child who needs advice.
I have a broken leg.
Broken glasses are all over the place.
He is broken.（他破產了）
千萬注意，我們不可以輕易亂用過去分詞，以下的句子都是錯的：
＊He is suffered.
＊This article will be appeared in the next issue of Science.
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正確的說法是：
He suffers.
This article will appear in the next issue of Science.
【練習四十四】
將以下的中文句子譯成英文：
1.我對音樂有興趣。
2.這部人人都看過的電影是在好萊塢製作的。
3.他有一個破碎的家庭。
4.這個國家的法律已經崩潰（break down）了。
5.我因這個消息而感到興奮。
6.我們應該幫助那位沮喪的學生。
7.三個人死於（get killed）這場車禍。
9.這是一個充滿了困惑的學生。
10. 他是一個很有趣的人。
【練習四十五】
填空，全部用現在分詞或過去分詞：
1. He is totally (confuse).
2. I am (interest) in seeing that movie.
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3. This movie is really (excite).
4. That is a (break) promise.
5. He has a (break) arm.
6. Their marriage was (break) up.
7. Justice is still not a (realize) dream.
8. He is a (depress) person.
9. The bicycle (ride) by the young kid is mine.
10. I do not like to see any person got (injure).
11. I was very much (surprise) to hear that news.
12. Don't be a (cry) baby.
13. His statements are (encourage).
14. The man (talk) about Hitler is a professor.
15. The man (pilot) the airplane is quite young.
16. The company (manage) by Mr. Lee is getting better and better.
17. His statements are heart (break).
18. Poor John now has a (break) heart.
19. There are boys and girls (dance) in the garden.
20. The (steal) jacket has been found.
21. The boy (laugh) there is not my son.
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22. He has a (smile) face.
23. This is indeed very (excite).
24. This song, (hear) by almost every one, was written by me.
25. I don't like the song (write) by Beatles.
26. She is a (care) woman.
10枭 3不定詞（Infinitives）作為形容詞和副詞
不定詞可以用作名詞，也可以用作形容詞，以下都是不定詞用作形容詞的例
子，要注意的是不定詞不會放在名詞的前面：
You don't have the right to talk so loudly.
He is to blame.
To see is to believe.（To see是名詞，to believe是形容詞）
My job is to teach poor kids to learn.
We all have the duty to serve our country.
He has a talent to sing.
I don't have time to play.
He is a person to be liked by us all.
This is a book to be read by all students.
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He has no money to spend.
This is not a good place for kids to grow up.
This law is to protect innocent citizens.
I am glad to see you.
He is ready to start a war.
He is rich enough to buy the entire building.
They are afraid to die.
He has no right to kill anyone.
John is too weak to do this job.
My mother is too old to drive a car.
It is easy to fall behind in school.
【練習四十六】
將以下句子改成英文：
1.我們都有納稅的義務。
2.我們都有保持緘默（remain silent）的權利。
3.他有游泳的天才。
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4.我已無錢可花。
5.我無處可去。
6.他太累了，不能開車了。（too…..to…..）
7.我很高興看到你。
8.他夠聰明，可以進入大學。（enough…..to…..）
9.我的工作是教小孩英文。
10.我看到你，感到很意外。（surprised to…...）
11.我們有很多可談的事。
12.他沒有可以交談的朋友。
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第十一章片語（ Phrases） 和子句（ Clauses）
請看以下的句子，特別注意劃線的字群：
1.Understanding English is easy.
2.I want youto work hard.
3.Peter,who has been to England, speaks good English.
4.I told himthat I was going away.
Understanding English和to work hard有一共同特色，他們都沒有主詞，也
沒有動詞，這種字群，叫做片語（phrase）。
Who has been to English和I was going away中，內部都有主詞和動詞，這
種字群，叫子句（clause）。
由於我們已經對片語很熟悉，我們在這裡不再討論，而我們在這一章將多多介紹
子句的用法。
11枭 1問題型式的名詞子句
假如我們說〝我不知道他住在哪裡〞，或者〝他究竟住在哪裡仍是個謎〞，
我們就可以用這種問題型式的名詞子句，每一個名詞子句都要用who, where,
whether, which等等來開始。以下是典型的例子：
I don't knowwhere he came from.（我不知道他來自何處。）
Whether he is an American is still a secret.（他是否是個美國人仍
然是個秘密。）
I will find outwhere he is living.（我要找出他住在哪裡。）
I can not rememberwhether he smokes or not.（我不記得他是否吸煙。）
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Please let me knowhow old he is.（請讓我知道他多大年紀。）
Kindly tell mewhat you really need.（請讓我知道你需要什麼。）
You have to decidewhich book you want to buy.（你應該決定買哪一本書。）
Do you knowwhere he is?（你知道他是從哪裡來的？）
Do you knowwho he is?（你知道他是誰嗎？）
Please ask your brotherwhether he is coming or not.（請問你的兄弟他會
不會來。）
When she is coming remains a puzzle.（她何時來仍然是個謎。）
I don't knowwhat he is interested in.（我不知道他的興趣何在。）
I don't understandwhat he is talking about.（我不知道他在談什麼。）
Do you knowwhose bicycle this is?（你知道這輛腳踏車是誰的嗎？）
Do you knowwhichcountry Hawaii belongs to?（你知道夏威夷屬於哪一個嗎？）
You should ask your motherwhere you were born.
（你應該問你的母親你在哪裡生的。）
雖然每一個名詞都有問題的意義，我們卻不能在名詞子句中用問句的型
式，因為畢竟這個名詞子句僅僅是一個子句而已，它的結尾並不是〝？〞。
因此以下的句子都是錯的：
＊I don't know where did he come from.
＊I will find out how old is he.
＊Kindly tell me what do you need.
＊You have to decide which book do you want to buy.
＊When is he coming remains a puzzle.
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【練習四十七】
將以下的中文句子譯成英文：
1.我不知道你是誰。
2.請告訴我你是否是美國人。
3.我不記得你是否喝咖啡。
4.請問你的姊姊她去年是否去過日本。
5.你知道他是誰嗎？
6.他從哪裡來的是一個謎（puzzle）。
7.我要找出他哥哥會不會游泳。
8.我知道他為何如此悲傷。
9.你知道瑪麗什麼時候來嗎？
10.你知道發生了什麼事嗎？
11.我知道天空為什麼是藍的。
12.請告訴我你去年去哪裡工作的。
13.你知道他在談什麼嗎？
14.我不懂他的問題是什麼。
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【練習四十八】
改錯：
1. Please tell mewhy is he so sad.
2. I do not knowwhere is she from.
3. Please tell mehow many people are there in this house.
4. Let me knowhow old are you.
5. Is he a Japanese is a mystery.
6. Do you knowwho is the president of the United States?
7. May I ask youwhich kind of coffee do you like?
8. I can not rememberhow old am I?
9. What is he talking about is unclear to me.
10. Do you knowwho is coming to the party?
【練習四十九】
選擇適當的代名詞，如whether, which, what, who等填入下面句子的空格：
1. I don't know book you bought.
2. Do you know he is from.
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3. Please ask him he drinks tea or not.
4. he is thinking about is well known to all of us.
5. Let me guess old you are.
6. May I ask you are so sad?
7. English is difficult to learn is a common felling among all
of us.
8. Do you know house this is.
9. This is not I want.
10. I don't care you want to say.
11枭 2以that開始的名詞子句
現在我們先試著翻譯以下的句子：
地球是圓的是眾所周知的事。
一種直接了當的翻譯是：
＊The earth is round is known to everyone.
遺憾的是，以上的句子是不對，我們必須加一個that到名詞子句裡去，
以下的翻譯是正確的：
That the earth is round is known to everyone.
我們再來翻譯一個中文句子：
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我要求他一定要用功唸書。
直接了當的翻譯可能像下面的：
＊I demandhe must work hard.
這是錯的，我們應該加一個that在這個名詞子句的前面。以下的翻譯才
是正確的：
I demandthat he must work hard.
雖然我們常看到這種that被省略的情形，我們仍希望大家知道，很多名
詞子句中的that是不可以省的。以下是一些例子：
That the sun rises from the west is wrong.（太陽從西方升起是錯的）
That a lot of Jews were killed during the Second World War is now
a historical fact.
（大批猶太人在二次大戰中被殺是歷史上的事實）
I don't knowthat he is such a diligent student.（我不知道他是如
此勤快的學生）
I demandthat you go away.（我要求你離開）
I suggestthat you go swimming every morning.（我建議你每天早上
游泳）
That we should all respect on parents should be taught to our kids.
（我們該教孩子們尊敬父母）
I don't thinkthat he is a good athlete.（我不認他是一個好運動員）
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Do you thinkthat she is a good actress.（你認為她是一個好的演員）
That hecan speak good English helps him.（他能說很好的文，這點
對他很有幫助）
I proposethat we get married.（我建議我們結婚）
Let us always rememberthat there are alot of poor people in the
world.
（我們永遠記住世界上有很多窮人）
Never forgetthat we should always love one another.（不要忘記我
們應該互相友愛）
I am surprised to find outthat he is a Catholic.（我很驚訝他是
個天主教徒）
That we lost the game made all of us frustrated.（我們輸了，這件
事令我們大感沮喪）
I can hardly believethat he is so good in English.（我不能相信
他的英文如此之好）
【練習五十】
改錯：
1.＊I told you must leave.
2.＊I am glad you are here now.
3.＊He is an American is unknown to us.
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4.＊Can you imagine he is a Chinese?
5.＊Do you think he is a Chinese?
6.＊Hitler was defeatedin the Second World War is an important event in
the history of mankind.
7.＊I do not think he is a bad student.
8.＊I am surprised to know she is from Japan.
9.＊It is hard to imagine he does not have a high school diplomat.
10.＊Do you believe he is innocent?
11.＊I demand my students they work hard.
12.＊The sun rises in the east is a fact.
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