24h購物| | PChome| 登入
2005-08-08 01:36:00| 人氣5,058| 回應0 | 上一篇 | 下一篇

當去年的紫丁香在庭前綻放

推薦 0 收藏 0 轉貼0 訂閱站台

WHEN LILACS LAST IN THE DOORYARD BLOOM’D

1

WHEN lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d,
And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night,
I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

O ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring;
Lilac blooming perennial, and drooping star in the west,
And thought of him I love.

當去年的紫丁香在庭前綻放,
而巨星很早在夜晚的西天殞落,
我哀悼,且將隨著週而復始的春天哀悼。

週而復始的春,你總帶給我一式三樣;
年年綻放的紫丁香,西方殞落的巨星,
我對敬愛者的懷想。

2

O powerful western fallen star!
O shades of night—O moody, tearful night!
O great star disappear’d—O the black murk that hides the star!
O cruel hands that hold me powerless—O helpless soul of me!
O harsh surrounding cloud that will not free my soul!

啊,西方殞落的巨星!
啊!夜之陰影-啊,憂鬱,含淚的夜!
啊,消逝的巨星-啊,掩沒巨星的濃雲!
啊,攫制我、令我無力的殘酷的手-啊,我無助的靈魂!
啊,圍繞而不縱我靈魂自由的嚴酷的雲。

3

In the dooryard fronting an old farm-house near the white-wash’d palings,
Stands the lilac bush tall-growing with heart-shaped leaves of rich green,
With many a pointed blossom rising delicate, with the perfume strong I love,
With every leaf a miracle—and from this bush in the dooryard,
With delicate-color’d blossoms and heart-shaped leaves of rich green,
A sprig with its flower I break.

一間舊農舍庭院前的白圍籬附近,
屹立著亭亭茁長的紫丁花叢,長著翠綠的心形葉片,
尖形的繁花纖巧的綻放,有我喜愛的濃烈郁馥,
每片葉子都是一樁奇蹟-就從這庭前的花叢,
它花色纖緻,綠葉如心,
連花帶梗,我摘下一枝。

4

In the swamp in secluded recesses,
A shy and hidden bird is warbling a song.

Solitary the thrush,
The hermit withdrawn to himself, avoiding the settlements,
Sings by himself a song.

Song of the bleeding throat,
Death’s outlet song of life,(for well dear brother I know
If thou wast not gifted to sing thou would’st surely die.)

在隱蔽的沼澤深處,
一隻羞赧、隱藏的鳥正啁啾鳴囀。

孤寂的畫眉,
這內向的隱士遠離人群,
獨自吟唱一首歌曲。

淌血的喉嚨之歌,
死亡的宣洩生命之歌,(親愛的兄弟,我很清楚,設使你不能引
  吭高歌,你必將死亡。)


******


這是美國詩人惠特曼Walt Whitman(1819-1892)所寫的詩〈當去年的紫丁香在庭前綻放〉(WHEN LILACS LAST IN THE DOORYARD BLOOM’D)的前4節詩,選自他唯一的詩集《草葉集》(LEAVES OF GRASS)。

惠特曼一生只出這一本詩集《草葉集》,從1855第一版的12首詩,到至1891-2最後的第九版(Death-bed Edition)收錄401首詩;本詩作於1865年林肯總統(President Lincoln)死後,是作者懷念追悼林肯之作,全詩一氣呵成超過200行,是一意境深遠的佳作。

「詩中三個主要象徵分別為紫丁香(象徵詩人對林肯總統的愛)、西方殞落的巨星(象徵林肯總統)、以及隱士的鶇鳥(死亡頌歌的吟唱者)。」(The three central symbols developed in the poem are the lilacs (figuring the poet’s love for his president), the fallen western star (Lincoln), and the hermit thrush (chanter of death).


******


全詩16節(原為20節,至1892最後一版併為16節),讀來不易(惠特曼的詩大多很長,有點像散文詩,需要點耐性,且看不懂的字實在不少),當然,第1節便非常棒,而第3節尤其令我喜愛。

在第5節,作者帶入死亡的主題(日以繼夜,一具棺柩在旅行/Night and day journeys a coffin.),第6節結尾,「我把手中的紫丁香獻給你。」(I give you my sprig of lilac.)

第7節是我喜愛的一段:

(Nor for you, for one alone,
Blossoms and branches green to coffins all I bring,
For fresh as the morning—thus would I carol a song for you O
sane and sacred death.

All over bouquets of roses,
O death, I cover you over with roses and early lilies,
But mostly and now the lilac that blooms the first,
Copious I break, I break the sprigs from the bushes,
With loaded arms I come, pouring for you,
For you, and the coffins all of you O death.)

(不單為了你,不僅為了一人,
我帶來繁花綠枝獻給所有的靈柩,
清新一如早晨,如是我為你吟唱一曲,啊-
清醒而神聖的死亡。

處處是玫瑰花束,
啊,死亡,我以玫瑰和早開的水仙為你撒上,
但尤其是現在這最先綻放的紫丁香,
繁茂的我摘下,從花叢上我摘下花枝,
我滿抱而來,為你傾撒,
為你和靈柩和一切,啊,死亡。)


這裡我們可以發現作者不僅是懷想亡者之詩,也是首面對死亡、死神、或是所有亡者的頌詩。

第10節裡,可見作者崇尚及心懷大自然:

O how shall I warble myself for the dead one there I loved?
And how shall I deck my song for the large sweet soul that has gone?
And what shall my perfume be for the grave of him I love?

Sea-winds blown from east and west,
Blown from the eastern sea and blown from the western sea, till
there on the prairies meeting,
These and with these and the breath of my chant,
I perfume the grave of him I love.

啊,我當如何為我敬愛的死者歌唱?
我當如何為已消失的偉大可親的靈魂裝飾我的歌曲?
我當以何等馨香供獻我敬愛的墳塋?

海風從東方吹來,從西方吹來,
從東方的海上吹來,從西方的海上吹來;吹到那大草原相遇,
這些,以這些和我頌歌之呼息,
我將薰香我敬愛者的墳塋。


到了第14節,作者更真切的面對、認識死亡,甚而攜死亡為伴並進著,遇見並借鶇鳥(thrush)吟出了「死亡之歌」(Death Coral):

And I knew Death, its thought, and the sacred knowledge of death.
於是我認識死亡,死亡的概念,以及死亡的神聖知識。

Then with the knowledge of death as walking one side of me,
And the thought of death close-walking the other side of me,
And I in the middle as with companions, and as holding the hands of companions,
於是,死亡的知識走在我一邊,
死亡的意念在另一邊挨近走著,
而我居當中,彷若跟著同伴,彷若握著同伴的手,

The gray-brown bird I know receiv’d us comrades three,
And he sang what seem’d the carol of death, and a verse for him I love.
我認識的這灰褐色的鳥,承接了我們同伴三個,
他吟唱死之頌歌,和一首給我敬愛者的詩。

(以下為「死亡之歌」第1段及最後一段;原為本詩獨立的第16節,作者在1871年給了此「死亡之歌」的標題並在1881年又刪除;本節詩到了1892年最後一版中與前面的第15節詩均併入第14節之內)

Come, lovely and soothing Death,
Undulate round the world, serenely arriving, arriving,
In the day, in the night, to all, to each,
Sooner or later, delicate Death.

來吧,可愛的撫慰的死亡,
波浪般地圍繞這世界,寧鏡地降臨、降臨,
在白天,在黑夜,向一切,向每個人,
或早或遲,纖美的死亡。


Over the tree-tops I float thee a song,
Over the rising and sinking waves, over the myriad fields and the prairies wide,
Over the dense-pack’d cities all, and the teeming wharves and ways,
I float this carol with joy, with joy to thee O Death.

飄過樹梢我送你一首歌,
飄過起伏的波濤,飄過無數的原野和遼闊的草原,
飄過所有稠密的城市和喧囂繁忙的碼頭與道路,
我以歡欣飄送這頌歌,以歡欣送給你,啊,死亡。


******


嗯,這是首懷想敬愛死者的頌詩,更是作者直接面對死亡的頌詩;也許,也代表是作者刻在自己生命的墓誌銘。

最後的第16節,回到作者全詩的象徵:紫丁香、星星、鶇鳥這「三位一體」;結尾處,更是充滿了長長而悠遠的想像及意境:

For the sweetest, wisest soul of all my days and lands-and this
for his dear sake,
Lilac and star and bird twined with the chant of my soul,
There in the fragrant pines and the cedars dusk and dim.

為了我一生中及所有國度最甜美、最睿智的靈魂-為了敬愛的
  他,我獻上,
紫丁香、星星和我靈魂之頌歌交織的鳥,
在芬芳的朦朧的松柏那兒。


******


紫丁香,這不熟悉的花,似乎總是英美詩人的最愛之一,我很快就想起了艾略特(T.S. Eliot)《荒原》(The Waste Land)的前4句:

APRIL is the cruellest month, breeding
Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing
Memory and desire, stirring
Dull roots with spring rain.

四月是最殘酷的月份,
由死地繁殖出紫丁香,
把追憶跟願望揉合,
以春雨激動遲鈍的根苗。


紫丁香,象徵著春天,春天的來臨。同時,「紫丁香心形的葉片讓人連想起惠特曼常以菖蒲或苔蘚等植物,來表現對男性典範人物的愛慕、情感、及欽讚。」(The heart-shaped leaves of lilac cause one to consider it in the context of Whitman’s use of other plants (sweet flag or calamus and bearded moss) to express affection, love, or admiration for masculine ideals.)2

而鶇鳥(thrush),象徵著隱士,歌唱的鳥;有譯為「畫眉」者,似應不同。看來,讀詩還要有點對生態動植物的瞭解呢。


******


8月8日,今天是父親節,僅以此詩、此文,懷念我死去的父親。


2005/8/8


—文內中譯選自吳潛誠先生所譯《草葉集》(桂冠出版,2001年10月增訂一版);參見:http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010189995
吳先生的譯本應是譯自1891-2年最後一版的《草葉集》,原文詩作可參考:
http://www.whitmanarchive.org/works/
另楊耐冬先生亦有譯本《草葉集》(志文出版,1999年8月再版);參見:http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010067089
楊先生的譯本為1876年第六版的《草葉集》,原文詩作可參考:
http://www.bartleby.com/142/192.html
1891-2年最後一版的《草葉集》原文詩集可在誠品書店找到:
http://www.eslitebooks.com/cgi-bin/eslite.dll/search/book/book.jsp?idx=1&pageNo=1&PRODUCT_ID=2910089873007


圖片出處:http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~lemfinge/Education%20Pictures/lilac.jpg

台長: vincent
人氣(5,058) | 回應(0)| 推薦 (0)| 收藏 (0)| 轉寄
全站分類: 藝文活動(書評、展覽、舞蹈、表演)
TOP
詳全文