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Esters are an important organic compound and are often found in many exam papers. Therefore, it is fun to synthesize knowledge about this section so that the students can apply and the upcoming exam.

What is ester?

Before delving into esterification 12 about its properties, applications,... Then let's find out what esters are.

– When replacing the OH group in the carboxyl group of a carboxylic acid with an OR group, an ester is obtained.

The general formula of a monofunctional ester is R-COO-R'.

Where R is the hydrocarbon radical of the acid (or H for formic acid), and R' is the hydrocarbon radical of the alcohol (where R is not H).

An ester is the product of a reaction between two substances, an alcohol and an acid.

– General CT shows saturated ester, monofunctional:

+ CnH2n + 1COOCmH2m+1 (n 0, m 1)

+CxH2xO2 (x ≥ 2)

2. How to read ester names (nomenclature)

The name of the ester is read as follows: The name of the hydrocarbon radical R' combined with the name of the acid-base anion (with the ending at).

- Names of some common acid radicals:

HCOOH is the formula of Formic Acid HCOO-: Format

CH3COOH is the formula of Acetic Acid CH3COO-: Acetate

CH2=CHCOOH is the formula of Acrylic Acid CH2=CHCOO-: Acrylate

C6H5COOH is the formula of Benzoic Acid C6H5COO-: Benzoate

- The name of the root R':

CH3- reads as methyl; C2H5- reads as ethyl; CH2=CH- reads as vinyl.

2.1. With monofunctional alcohol R'OH

The name of the ester is read as follows: the name of the hydrocarbon radical R' + the name of the acid base (change the ic ending to the at ending)

For example: HCOOC2H5 is called Etyl formate;

CH3COOC2H5 is called Etyl acetate;

CH2=CH-COO-CH3 is called Methyl acrylate.

2.2. With multifunctional alcohol

Ester name = alcohol name + acid base name

3. Classification of esters

Depending on the characteristics of the hydrocarbon radical as well as the number of carboxyl groups, esters can be divided into four types:

The ester is made from a monofunctional acid and a monofunctional alcohol.

The ester is formed from a polyfunctional acid and a monofunctional alcohol. This type can again be classified into two groups as acidic esters and neutral esters.

Esters are made from monofunctional acids and polyfunctional alcohols.

Esters formed from polyfunctional acids and polyfunctional alcohols (very rare).

3.1. Ester no, monofunctional

As an ester composed of acids and saturated alcohols, the monofunctionality should be CnH2nO2 (n ≥ 2).

3.2. Monounsaturated ester

- Unsaturated, unsaturated, open-chain ester has a chemical formula of CmH2m+2-2kO2 (where k is the number of pi bonds, the condition for k ≥ 2)

For example: An ester, unsaturated, open chain and contains 1 double bond with chemical formula CmH2m-2O2.

3.3. Multifunctional ester

- The ester is composed of a monofunctional acid and a polyfunctional alcohol with the CTHH form (RCOO)mR'

- The ester is composed of a monofunctional alcohol and a polyfunctional acid with a chemical formula of: R(COOR')m

- The ester is composed of a polyfunctional acid R(COOH)n and a polyfunctional alcohol R'(OH)m with the following formula: Rm(COO)nmR'n

An ester is an organic substance that is not only important for the high school chemistry program, but it also has many benefits that are applied in life. Fun Learn to synthesize this numerical exercise to make it easier for you and your students to grasp the practice for the upcoming National High School Exam. Besides, To learn more about other knowledge in High School Chemistry, you can visit Fun Learning Ai To register an account or go to the support center now To get more useful knowledge. Please!

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