英國文學20060929(Fri)
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1. Norman invaded England and Willian the Conqueror became king of England.
2. Languages of the church influence a lot.
3. Change the entire complexion of English culture for several centuries.
Effect of the Norman Conquest 1066(因為這場戰爭，改變了一下３點)
1. to remove English literature from the care of the aristocracy(上層階級).
1. 改變文學的特質 2.產生中產階級
2. to deprive it of that cohesive(凝聚力) spirit (kings and retainers.).
產生凝聚力
3. to eliminate the use of the Old English as a literary language.
Old English不再是唯一的語言
反應基督教的精神
1. Casdon’s Hymn: is the first song of praise in English Literature.
2. The Dream of the Rood:描述基督為什麼被釘在十字架上
Heroic text: Beowulf
1. Invasions(入侵) battle, some historic, some legendary.
The king of Danes 對抗 Grendel. (a monster.)
2. The poem has a sad ending, a statement of heroic values and Beowulf dies a hero.
3. Southern Sweden->help King Hrothger.
4.主角Beowulf中3次的戰爭分別為:
1.Grendel(a monster) 2. Grendel’mother 3.Dragon(一噴火龍).
5.為何作者要描述這麼多次的戰爭?
The battle has a degree of difficulty 雖然Beowulf的體力不如從前（越來越老），但是還是很勇敢->他是一個真正的勇士.
6.一開始Beowulf是presented orally(用口語相傳) 之後是用紙記錄下來的.
一些名詞
1.rhythm:保存某種節奏.
2.kennings:metaphor常出現.
3.reprtition:一直重複出現某一些詩文的意義是為了”強調”，但是又顯的無聊.
4.rapid narrative style.
5.The word is harsh(殘酷) depicted in Old English poetry.
Old English:1th~1150
Middle English:1150~1485
比較之中的不同:為
1. MID:the hero of earlier times->the man of romance.
2. Women began to appearance.
OLD:Ex:cut bear->queen
Peace weaver->princess用婚姻維持和平
MID:有自主能力
3.Brut(late 12th century)an epic history and an import text in the history of weiting in
English.
3. 其實語言也是一種battle，比較強勢的，就會變成”主流語言”。而輸了的語
言，就會變成”dialect”。英文也是這樣，不過英文是由”拉丁文”而來，再加
上複合Western Germanic language & Indo-European.
4. Social class and structure of primitive warrior society importance of blood vengeance.
5. Angle-Norman influence English literature a lot.
6. 切入角度去談romance, framed-story, mystery, morality play.(16th盛行drama.).
7. the art of pointing(印刷術) to England by Willian Caxton. So18th小說萌芽
8. Cultural background of Middle English Literature(language, the powerful church, nationalism, social structure, the raise of middle class.)
讀完Beowulf後一些值得思考的問題:introduction篇
1How does the value of the Germanic literature?
A:有武士精神
2.Explain in the use of contrast and balance in Beowulf.
A:這一題的意思是指，本文章用什麼手法，來突顯Beowulf的特質，為什麼他
可以成為chosen hero，而我們卻是common people。他用比較old and young,
Success and failure, hope and despaired, good and evil, life and death之間，也用其
中的角色，來突顯Beowulf.
3. Explain the significance of1066 in English literature.
A: Roman Norman Conquers.
4.Chaueers method of characterization in Canterbury Tale and his way of developing
a character through his or her tale.
5.The characteristics of “medieval romance”1.frame and immortalize 2.重視
Immortalize 3.a tragic ending. 4.用材料來反應人的性格.
6. Explain the county love tradition
A:宮廷.
7. Compare and contrast Canterbury Tale.
8. Physical at tributes correlate to the inner personality of a character. In what way
and to what extent can this statement applied to the desctiption of character.
A:extent can this statement applied to the description of characters.
和性情有關，選擇性描寫很重要.
讀完Beowulf後一些值得思考的問題:Beowulf內容篇
1. What are the epic elements in Beowulf
2. Account for the unity of the poem.
用主角作為連接點，來連接重要的人事物
3. how can Beowulf be considered a hero?
A: Heroic elements in the poem. He is brave and different form common people.
4. What kind of early Germanic society and culture does the poem present to the
reader?
A:反映社會。野蠻民族。原始的戰士社會。重視戰爭。不重視來生，重視現
在。
5. What is the poem appeal to you? Why?
6. Is” Beowulf” a tragedy?只要死人就算是悲劇嗎?
讀完Beowulf後一些值得思考的問題:Beowulf結構篇
1. Hero vs. heroism in Beowulf.
2. epic elements in Beowulf.
3. Characteristics: fate, wynd, mainprice, wergiled, royal generosity, lord and thane, war and violence, vengeance, treasure(reward), immortality, pagan and Christian elements, death, the tradition of boasting, courage, the position of woman
4. Beowulf as a tragedy.
5. Theme, structure, characterization, writing technique.
6. How to evaluate Beowulf a literary work of art? It’s strength and weakness.
7. Learn? Any insight?
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