Saturday, November 13, 2021
UN News
圖1. 2021年10月31日，在蘇格蘭格拉斯哥開幕的聯合國氣候峰會，COP26 閉幕的談判代表。會議尋求新的全球承諾以應對氣候變遷。 (圖援用自原文)
After extending the COP26 climate negotiations an extra day, nearly 200 countries in Glasgow, Scotland, adopted on Saturday an outcome document that, according to the UN Secretary-General, reflects the interests, the contradictions, and the state of political will in the world today.
根據聯合國秘書長的說法，在將第26屆締約國會議(COP：Conference of the Parties)的氣候協商延長一天之後，在蘇格蘭格拉斯哥近200個國家，於週六(2021年10月31日)通過一項，反映了於當今世界之利益、矛盾及政治意願狀態的結果文件。
“It is an important step but is not enough. We must accelerate climate action to keep alive the goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees”, said António Guterres in a video statement released at the close of the two-week meeting.
在為期兩週之會議結束時，發布的視頻聲明中，聯合國秘書長António Guterres宣稱：「這是重要的一步，但是並不夠。我們必須加快氣候行動，以維持將全球溫度上升，限制在1.5度以內的目標。」
The UN chief added that it is time to go “into emergency mode”, ending fossil fuel subsidies, phasing out coal, putting a price on carbon, protecting vulnerable communities, and delivering the $100 billion climate finance commitment.
聯合國秘書長附言，目前是“進入緊急模式”、終止化石燃料補貼、逐步淘汰煤炭、為碳定價、保護脆弱社區及實現1千億美元氣候融資承諾的時候了。
“We did not achieve these goals at this conference. But we have some building blocks for progress,” he said. Mr. Guterres also had a message to young people, indigenous communities, women leaders, and all those leading the charge on climate action.
也有一則信息給年輕人、土著社區、女性領導人及所有負責氣候行動者的Guterres先生宣稱：「我們在這次會議中，沒有達成此些目標。不過，有一些進展的基石。」
“I know you are disappointed. But the path of progress is not always a straight line. Sometimes there are detours. Sometimes there are ditches. But I know we can get there. We are in the fight of our lives, and this fight must be won. Never give up. Never retreat. Keep pushing forward”.
「我知道人們是失望的。不過，進展的道路並非始終是一條直線。有時有迂迴之路、有時有溝渠。不過，我知道能到達那裡。我們正為生命戰鬥，且這場戰鬥必須獲勝。永不放棄、永不退縮，繼續前進。」
The outcome document, known as the Glasgow Climate Pact, calls on 197 countries to report their progress towards more climate ambition next year, at COP27, set to take place in Egypt. The outcome also firms up the global agreement to accelerate action on climate this decade.
這份被通稱為格拉斯哥氣候公約的結果文件，呼籲197個國家，明年在埃及舉行的COP27會上，提出他們邁向更多氣候目標方面的進展報告。此結果也確認了，加速這十年有關氣候行動的全球協議。
At the same time, COP26 President, Alok Sharma, struggled to hold back tears following the announcement of a last-minute change, by China and India, to soften language circulated earlier in a draft text about “the phase-out of unabated coal power and of inefficient subsidies for fossil fuels”. As adopted on Saturday, the text was revised to “phase down” coal use.
在此同時，COP26主席Alok Sharma，在中國及印度，於最後一刻宣布改變，以軟化早些時候，在一份草案文本中，傳遞有關“逐步削減有增無減之煤電及低效化石燃料補貼”的措辭之後，竭力忍住了淚珠。因為，於週六通過了，文本被修改為“逐步減少” 使用煤炭。
Mr. Sharma apologized for “the way the process has unfolded” and added that he understood that some delegations would be “deeply disappointed” that the stronger language had not made it into the final agreement. The agreement also asks for tighter deadlines for governments to update their plans to reduce emissions.
Sharma先生為“此進程已經展開的方式”道歉。並附言，他能理解一些代表團會“深感失望”。因為，更強硬的措辭未能列入最後協議中。此協議也要求各國政府，在更嚴格的最後期限內，更新其減排計劃。
On the thorny question of financing from developed countries in support of climate action in developing countries, the text emphasizes the need to mobilize climate finance “from all sources to reach the level needed to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, including significantly increasing support for developing country Parties, beyond $100 billion per year”.
有關來自已開發國家，在支持發展中國家之氣候行動上，提供資金的棘手問題。此案文強調需要，從所有來源調動氣候資金，“以達到巴黎協定之目標所需的水平，包括顯著增加對發展中國家之締約國，每年超過1千億美元的支援”。
“Negotiations are never easy…this is the nature of consensus and multilateralism”, said Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
聯合國氣候變遷框架公約(UNFCCC)執行秘書，Patricia Espinosa宣稱：「談判絕非容易之事…這就是共識及多邊主義的本質。」
Ms. Espinosa said that for every announcement made during the past two weeks, the expectation is that the implementation “plans and the fine print” will follow. “Let us enjoy what we accomplished but also prepare for what is coming,” she said, after recognizing the advancements on adaption, among others.
Espinosa女士表示，就過去兩週期間，發布的每項公告而言，期盼是實施，將隨之而來的“計劃及附屬細則”。其中包括，在認定有關調適方面的進展之後。她宣稱：「讓我們享受所達成的事。不過，也為即將到來的事做好準備。」
Meanwhile, COP26 President, Alok Sharma, stated that delegations could say “with credibility” that they have kept 1.5 degrees within reach.
在此同時，COP26主席Alok Sharma聲明，各代表團會“以可信性”表示，他們已經將1.5度保持在所及範圍內。
“But its pulse is weak. And it will only survive if we keep our promises. If we translate commitments into rapid action. If we deliver on the expectations set out in this Glasgow Climate Pact to increase ambition to 2030 and beyond. And if we close the vast gap that remains, as we must,” he told delegates.
他告訴代表們：「不過，其脈動是微弱的。因此，倘若我們信守承諾，僅能存續下去。倘若將承諾轉化為快速行動。倘若我們實現，在此格拉斯哥氣候公約中，試圖將具野心的目標擴大到2030年及以後的期盼。因此，即使我們封閉仍然存在的巨大的差距，我們依舊必須做。」
He then quoted Prime Minister Mia Mottley, who earlier in the conference had said that for Barbados and other small island states, ‘two degrees is a death sentence.’ With that in mind, Mr. Sharma asked delegates to continue their efforts to get finance flowing and boost adaptation.
之後，他引用了巴貝多總理Mia Mottley的話。她在此會議早些時候曾表示，對於巴貝多及其他小島國而言，‘攝氏兩度是一種死刑’。 有鑒於此，Sharma先生要求代表們繼續努力，使資金流通及推動調適。
He concluded by saying that history has been made in Glasgow. “We must now ensure that the next chapter charts the success of the commitments we have solemnly made together in the Glasgow Climate Pact, he declared.
他作了結論表示，在格拉斯哥已經創造了歷史。他宣稱：「目前，我們必須確保下一章，制定出我們在格拉斯哥氣候公約中，已經共同鄭重做出之承諾，能成功的計劃。」
Earlier during the last stocktaking plenary, many countries lamented that the package of agreed decisions was not enough. Some called it ‘disappointing’, but overall, they recognized it was balanced for what countries could agree at this moment in time and given their differences.
早些時候，在上次估量全體會議的期間，諸多國家感嘆，這一攬子經協議後的決定是不夠的。有些國家稱其‘令人失望’。不過，總體上他們認定，對能在此刻及時意見一致，且考慮到其分歧的國家，這是平衡的。
Countries like Nigeria, Palau, the Philippines, Chile and Turkey all said that although there are imperfections, they broadly supported the text.
“It is (an) incremental step forward but not in line with the progress needed. It will be too late for the Maldives. This deal does not bring hope to our hearts,” said the Maldives’ top negotiator in a bittersweet speech.
像奈及利亞、帛琉、菲律賓、智利及土耳其等國均表示，雖然存在不完善之處，但基本支持該案文。在一項苦樂參半的演講中，馬爾地夫首席談判者宣稱：「這是(一種)邁向、卻不符合所需之進展的遞增步調。對馬爾地夫而言，這會是太晚。」。
US climate envoy John Kerry said the text “is a powerful statement” and assured delegates that his country will engage constructively in a dialogue on loss and damage and adaptation, two of the most difficult issues to get countries to agree on. “The text represents the ‘least worst’ outcome,” concluded the top negotiator from New Zealand.
美國氣候特使John Kerry表示，該文本“是一份強有力的聲明”，並向代表們保證，美國將建設性地參與，有關損失、損害及調適的對話，這是讓各國達成一致之最困難的兩個問題。來自紐西蘭的首席談判代表下結論：「該文本代表‘最不最糟’的結果。」
Beyond the political negotiations and the Leaders’ Summit, COP26 brought together about 50,000 participants online and in-person to share innovative ideas, solutions, attend cultural events and build partnerships and coalitions.
除了政治協商及領導人的峰會之外，COP26也匯集了大約5萬名，於線上及現場者，分享創新的構想、解決方案，參與文化活動，並建立夥伴關係及聯盟。
The conference heard many encouraging announcements. One of the biggest was that leaders from over 120 countries, representing about 90 per cent of the world’s forests, pledged to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030.
此會議聽到了諸多令人鼓舞的宣佈。最大的之一是，來自120多個國家(約佔世界森林面積90%)的領導人承諾，到2030年停止並逆轉森林砍伐。
There was also a methane pledge, led by the United States and the European Union, by which more than 100 countries agreed to cut emissions of this greenhouse gas by 2030.
還有一項，由美國及歐盟引領的甲烷承諾，根據此承諾100多個國家，同意到2030年，削減這種溫室氣體的排放。
Meanwhile, more than 40 countries – including major coal-users such as Poland, Vietnam and Chile – agreed to shift away from coal, one of the biggest generators CO2 emissions.
在此同時，包括波蘭、越南及智利等，主要煤炭消費國在內的40多個國家，同意設法從煤炭轉移開。煤炭是最大量的發電廠二氧化碳排放物之一。
The private sector also showed strong engagement with nearly 500 global financial services firms which agreed to align $130 trillion – some 40 per cent of the world’s financial assets – with the goals set out in the Paris Agreement, including limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
私營部門也展現了，與近500家全球金融服務公司的積極接觸。這些公司同意將130兆美元(約佔全球金融資產40%)與巴黎協定中，設定的目標齊行，包括將全球暖化限制在1.5℃度以內。
Also, in a surprise for many, the United States and China pledged to boost climate cooperation over the next decade. In a joint declaration they said they had agreed to take steps on a range of issues, including methane emissions, transition to clean energy and decarbonization. They also reiterated their commitment to keep the 1.5C goal alive.
此外，在一件對許多人而言，令人訝異的事中，美國及中國承諾，在未來十年間，增強氣候合作。在一份聯合聲明中表示，它們已經同意，就一系列問題，包括甲烷排放、過渡到潔淨能源及脫碳等，採取措施。它們也重申了，持續保持1.5℃目標的承諾。
Regarding green transport, more than 100 national governments, cities, states and major businesses signed the Glasgow Declaration on Zero-Emission Cars and Vans to end the sale of internal combustion engines in leading markets in 2040 worldwide. At least 13 nations also committed to end the sale of fossil fuel powered heavy duty vehicles by 2040.
有關綠色運輸，100多個國家的政府、城市、州及主要企業簽署了，有關零排放之汽車及運貨車的格拉斯哥宣言，以結束主要市場之內燃機，全球於2040年的銷售。至少有13個國家也承諾，到2040年停止銷售，化石燃料驅動的重型車輛。
Many ‘smaller’ but equally inspiring commitments were made over the past two weeks, including one by 11 countries which created the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA). Ireland, France, Denmark, and Costa Rica among others, as well as some subnational governments, launched this first-of-its kind alliance to set an end date for national oil and gas exploration and extraction.
在過去兩週做出了，諸多‘較小’卻同樣鼓舞人的承諾，包括由創建超越石油暨天然氣聯盟(BOGA)之11個國家的承諾。除了一些次要國家的政府之外，愛爾蘭、法國、丹麥及哥斯達黎加等國家，也發起了這種首創的聯盟，來為國家石油及天然氣的勘探與開採，制定終止日期。
To keep it simple, COP26 was the latest and one of the most important steps in the decades long, UN-facilitated effort to help stave off what has been called a looming climate emergency.
為了保持其單純性，COP26是幾十年來，最新且最重要的步調之一。在聯合國協助的努力下，旨在幫助避免一直被認為，穩穩呈現的氣候緊急狀態。
In 1992, the UN organized a major event in Rio de Janeiro called the Earth Summit, in which the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted.
於1992年，聯合國在里約熱內盧籌劃了，一場被稱為地球峰會的重要活動。在此活動中，通過了聯合國氣候變遷框架公約(UNFCCC)。
In this treaty, nations agreed to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere” to prevent dangerous interference from human activity on the climate system. Today, the treaty has 197 signatories.
在此約定中，各國同意“穩定大氣中的溫室氣體濃度”，以防止人類活動，對氣候體系造成的危險干擾。如今，該約定有197個簽署國。
Since 1994, when the treaty entered into force, every year the UN has been bringing together almost every country on earth for global climate summits or “COPs”, which stands for ‘Conference of the Parties’.
打從1994年，此約定生效以來，聯合國每年皆召集地球上，幾乎所有的國家，參與全球氣候峰會。也就是，代表‘締約國會議’的“COPs”。
This year should have been the 27th annual summit, but thanks to COVID-19, we’ve fallen a year behind due to last year’s postponement.
今年應該是第27 屆年度峰會。不過，由於COVID-19，我們因去年的延擱，落後了一年。
網址：https://www.globalissues.org/news/2021/11/13/29346
翻譯：許東榮
文章定位：
