法國青少年暴動，一場認同之仗
－市郊貧民窟逐漸蔓延的暴亂，源於疏離以及對政府視而不見的隱忍
茉莉摩爾報導
華盛頓郵報國外事務服務處
2005年11月6日，星期日，A16版
Rage of French Youth Is a Fight for Recognition
Spreading Rampage in Country’s Slums Is Rooted in Alienation and Abiding Government Neglect
By Molly Moore
Washington Post Foreign Service
Sunday, November 6, 2005; Page A01
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摘要：
1.
10月27日在北郊區開始的暴力行動是歷來最嚴重，也是繼約四十多年前的學生暴動之後，法國中最廣佈的社會動亂。
2.
在法國最貧窮區域暴動的青少年們，是被國民最忽視的非洲、阿拉伯移民在法國出生的孩子。計約法國6千萬人口中10﹪的穆斯林社群之中，這些成員佔了很大比例。
3.
這國家今年失業率盤旋在10﹪，此地25歲以下人口失業率高達國家的四五倍。
4.
他們藉著分散成數個小團體，使用手機和傳訊來警示彼此警消人員所在來閃避當局。
5.
一個人象徵著所有在法國政府中他們所憎恨的人：內政部長尼可拉斯‧薩科奇，已被視為該國2007年總統大選領先的角逐者。上個月，他建議對犯罪者以及貧區的麻煩製造者進行「決不寬待的戰爭」。
一週後，兩個穆斯林來自Clichy-sous-Bois北郊區的青少年…被電死。法國官員說警方不是在追捕這兩個青少年。他們的死觸發了快速蔓延的暴力行動，尤其是在薩科奇宣稱這些暴力行動的犯罪者為「人渣」和「惡棍」時。
6.
較大的幾個孩子手伸進口袋去摸裝滿出售交易用的哈希什（註：一種大麻做成的麻醉藥／毒品）小袋子。當他們讀當地報紙對其前晚偉大事蹟的報導時，開始討論這個週六晚上的計劃，充其量是因為窮極無聊的氛圍，而非實現犯罪動機。
7.
瑞蘇格說，「其中有很多的憤怒。藉著縱火，他們在說『我是存在的，我身處此地。』。」
「他們也跑出去，向父母兄長證明他們再也管不住他們了；」他說，「他們放火燒玩耍的地方，坐著的地方－他們正燒著自己的嬰兒床。」
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LE BLANC-MESNIL, France, Nov. 5 -- Mohammed Rezzoug, caretaker of the municipal gymnasium and soccer field, knows far more about the youths hurling firebombs and torching cars on the streets of this Paris suburb than do the police officers and French intelligence agents struggling to nail the culprits.
11月5日，法國，LE BLANC-MESNIL－市立體育館及足球場的管理員，莫罕穆德．瑞蘇格，對於那些投擲汽油彈和放火燒巴黎市郊街上車輛的青少年，比警察和盡力逮捕罪犯的法國智庫了解的要更多。
He can identify most of the perpetrators. So can almost everyone else in the neighborhoods that have been attacked.
他能認出大部分的行兇者。幾乎所有在附近被攻擊的人也都可以。
"They’re my kids," said Rezzoug, a garrulous 45-year-old with thinning black hair and skin the color of a walnut.
「他們是我的孩子」瑞蘇格娓娓道來，一個有著稀疏黑色頭髮，胡桃膚色的人。
While French politicians say the violence now circling and even entering the capital of France and spreading to towns across the country is the work of organized criminal gangs, the residents of Le Blanc-Mesnil know better. Many of the rioters grew up playing soccer on Rezzoug’s field. They are the children of baggage handlers at nearby Charles de Gaulle International Airport and cleaners at the local schools.
法國政治人物說，此時正包圍著甚而進入法國首都且擴散至國外的暴動，是有組織的犯罪幫派分子所為，然而Le Blanc-Mesni的居民較悉內情。許多暴徒從小就在瑞蘇格的球場踢足球。他們是附近的法國戴高樂國際機場的行李運送員，以及當地學校的清潔工。
"It’s not a political revolution or a Muslim revolution," said Rezzoug. "There’s a lot of rage. Through this burning, they’re saying, ’I exist, I’m here.’ "
「這不是政治革命或是穆斯蘭革命」瑞蘇格說，「其中有很多的憤怒。藉著縱火，他們在說『我是存在的，我身處此地。』。」
Such a dramatic demand for recognition underscores the chasm between the fastest growing segment of France’s population and the staid political hierarchy that has been inept at responding to societal shifts. The youths rampaging through France’s poorest neighborhoods are the French-born children of African and Arab immigrants, the most neglected of the country’s citizens. A large percentage are members of the Muslim community that accounts for about 10 percent of France’s 60 million people.
如此引人注意企求認同的需求，也突顯出法國成長最快的人口單位與不擅對社會變動做出反應的僵固統治集團之間的隔閡。在法國最貧窮區域暴動的青少年們，是被國民最忽視的非洲、阿拉伯移民在法國出生的孩子。計約法國6千萬人口中10﹪的穆斯林社群之中，這些成員佔了很大比例。
One of Rezzoug’s "kids" -- the countless youths who use the sports facilities he oversees -- is a husky, French-born 18-year-old whose parents moved here from Ivory Coast. At 3 p.m. on Saturday, he’d just awakened and ventured back onto the streets after a night of setting cars ablaze.
無以數計的青少年使用過他所管理的運動設備，瑞蘇格「孩子們」中一個人高馬大，法國出生十八歲的青少年，父母從象牙海岸移居此地。星期六下午三點他才剛醒來，昨晚才冒險返回街頭縱火燒車。
"We want to change the government," he said, a black baseball cap pulled low over large, chocolate-brown eyes and an ebony face. "There’s no way of getting their attention. The only way to communicate is by burning."
「我們希望改變政府」他說，黑色棒球帽拉低蓋過巧克力棕色大眼和黝黑臉龐。「沒有其他方法能引起他們的注意，唯一溝通之道，便是透過縱火。」
Like other youths interviewed about their involvement in the violence of the last 10 days, he spoke on the condition he not be identified for fear the police would arrest him.
就像接受訪問過去十天參與暴力行動的其他青少年，他提出不具名的條件怕警察逮捕。
But he and others described the nightly rampages without fear, surrounded by groups of younger boys who listened with rapt attention. A few yards away, older residents of the neighborhood, many with gray hair, passed out notices appealing for an end to the violence.
他和其他人描述夜間暴動的時候卻不帶懼色，旁邊圍著一群群全神貫注聆聽的小男孩們。在幾碼遠，其中幾個有白頭髮的該區老居民們，發送著懇求停止暴力的通知。
A man with wire-rimmed glasses handed one of the sheets to the black-capped youth. He accepted the paper, glanced at it and smiled respectfully at his elder. The boy then carefully folded it in half and continued the conversation about how the nightly targets are selected.
一個帶著金屬框眼鏡的男人遞了一張這種傳單給了黑帽青少年。他拿了，看了一下並對著老人家尊敬地微笑。然後男孩把紙折成一半，繼續談著如何選擇夜間目標
"We don’t plan anything," he said. "We just hit whatever we find at the moment."
「我們不計劃，」他說，「只是在當下發現什麼就砸什麼。」
In Le Blanc-Mesnil, halfway between the northern edge of Paris’s city limits and the country’s largest airport, youths have burned a gym, a youth center and scores of cars and trucks. Residents here say the violence that began in these northern suburbs on Oct. 27 is the worst ever in these low-income neighborhoods and the most widespread social unrest in France since student riots nearly four decades ago.
Le Blanc-Mesnil，在巴黎市界北端和國家最大機場的中間，青少年們已經燒掉一座體育館、青少年中心，以及二十幾台汽車卡車。這裡的居民說，在這些低收入鄰區裡，10月27日在北郊區開始的暴力行動是歷來最嚴重，也是繼約四十多年前的學生暴動之後，法國中最廣佈的社會動亂。
Rezzoug said about 18 youths between the ages of 15 and 25 are responsible for most of the fires and attacks on police in Le Blanc-Mesnil, though he said some young men from neighboring towns have joined in the mayhem. The youths said they dodge the authorities by splitting into small groups, using their cellular telephones and text messaging to alert each other to the location of police and firefighters.
瑞蘇格說，約18個年紀在15到25歲之間的青少年，是引起大部分Le Blanc-Mesnil的縱火及攻擊警方事件的人，雖然他說有些從旁邊鄉鎮來的年輕人也曾參與破壞行動。這些青少年說，他們藉著分散成數個小團體，使用手機和傳訊來警示彼此警消人員所在來閃避當局。
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