PCHome真的爛到一個爆，這篇文章不知貼幾次了，它還是一直當機，整篇文章不見。什麼鬼啊．．．
希望同學們幸運一點，可以看到整篇文章的樣子．．．
IELTS的Writing test task 1，說穿了其實只是在考數字的增加跟減少，但是我覺得很多同學都不太會用這兩個動詞，所以今天我們來學一下到底如何說數字的「上升」跟「下降」。
注意：
1. 在當不及物動詞的時候，也就是大部份的IELTS考試中，這些代表「上升」跟「下降」，或「增加」跟「減少」的動詞，都不會用到被動式，也就是說，不會出現這種 is/was increased 的瘋狂句型。不過，現在完成式 has/have increased 則是很常見的。請千萬不要搞錯這兩種時態。
2. 一般來說，「上升」跟「下降」就用 increase/decrease 這兩個字就好了，如果一篇文章裏要用到很多次「上升」跟「下降」，那就偶爾跟 rise/fall 互換。英文好的人可以用其他高級的字譬如 plunge/plummet/rocket。不要在動詞這裏傷腦筋，想要用出天下無敵的高級動詞。分數是看整體的。
3. 除了「上升」跟「下降」之外，數字還常出現「波動」這個動詞 fluctuate，其實用法跟「上升」跟「下降」是一樣的，它有有名詞 fluctuation，下面都有例句。
這些例句都來自牛津線上字典，同學們不妨勤勞一點多查。若受限於英文程度，那再多利用奇摩字典吧～
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increase, increased, increased
動詞 [verb] ~ (sth) (from A) (to B) ~ (sth) (by sth) to become or to make sth greater in amount, number, value, etc.:
[v]
The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million. (從一千兩百萬增加到一千八百萬)
Ÿ The rate of inflation increased by 2%. (增加了2%)
Ÿ The price of oil increased.
Ÿ Oil increased in price.
Ÿ Disability increases with age (= the older sb is, the more likely they are to be disabled).
[vn]
Ÿ We need to increase productivity.
Ÿ They’ve increased the price by 50%.
形容詞 [adj.] [only before noun]: increased demand (已增加的需求)
名詞 [noun] [C, U] ~ (in sth) a rise in the amount, number or value of sth: an increase in spending
Ÿ an increase of 2p in the pound on income tax
Ÿ an increase of nearly 20%
Ÿ a significant / substantial increase in sales
Ÿ price / tax / wage increases
Ÿ Homelessness is on the increase (= increasing).
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rise, rose, risen
動詞 [verb] to increase in amount or number:
Ÿ The price of gas rose.
Ÿ Gas rose in price.
Ÿ Unemployment rose (by) 3%.
Ÿ Air pollution has risen above an acceptable level.
形容詞 [adj.]
rising fuel bills (持續增加的燃料費)
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decrease, decreased, decreased
動詞 [verb] ~ (from sth) (to sth) to become or make sth become smaller in size, number, etc.:
[v]
Ÿ The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
Ÿ The price of wheat has decreased by 15%.
Ÿ This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. (逐年下降－現在進行式)
Ÿ Donations have decreased significantly over the past few years.
[vn]
Ÿ People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.
名詞 [noun] [C, U] ~ (in sth)| ~ (of sth) the process of reducing sth or the amount that sth is reduced
Ÿ There has been some decrease in military spending this year.
Ÿ a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum
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fall, fell, fallen
動詞 [verb] to decrease in amount, number or strength:
[v]
Ÿ Their profits have fallen by 30 per cent.
Ÿ Prices continued to fall on the stock market today.
Ÿ The temperature fell sharply in the night.
[vn]
Ÿ Share prices fell 30p.
形容詞 [adj.]
Ÿ falling birth rates 下降中的出生率
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fluctuate, fluctuated, fluctuated
動詞 [v] ~ (between A and B) to change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc., especially from one extreme to another: fluctuating prices
Ÿ During the crisis, oil prices fluctuated between $20 and $40 a barrel.
Ÿ Temperatures can fluctuate by as much as 10 degrees.
Ÿ My weight fluctuated wildly depending on how much I ate.
Ÿ My mood seems to fluctuate from day to day.
Ÿ The rate of inflation has been fluctuating around 4% for some time.
名詞 noun [C, U] ~ (in / of sth): wild fluctuations in interest rates
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